Quinolizidine Alkaloid Standards

Whether for quality control of food & feed or pharmacological research: PhytoLab is offering you an outstanding portfolio of highly purified phyproof® reference standards for quantitative analysis of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in raw materials and ingredients.

QA are secondary metabolites of lupins (e.g., Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet. (Fabaceae)). Lupin flour has become an increasingly prominent plant-based protein ingredient for, e.g., baked goods, meat & dairy surrogates as well as certain beverages. Lupins are also used as feed for cows, sheep, and goats as well as in aquaculture. Lupin seeds may contain up to 100mg/kg (sweet lupins) or even 200mg/kg (bitter lupins) of QA. In the EU, maximum levels have been set for QA in certain feed (EU Nr. 68/2013)^[1]. For lupin-based food there are no legal limits. However, based on a scientific opinion issued by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), foodborne QA exposure should not exceed 0.16mg/kg body weight per day.^[2] Recently it has been shown that QA are transferred to cows’ milk upon feeding of lupin seed.^[3]

Find your compound below:

[1] COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2022/1104 of 1 July 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 68/2013 on the Catalogue of feed materials. Official Journal of the European Union L 177/4, 2022, 1.

[2] EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2019a. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products. EFSA Journal 2019; 17(11):5860, 113.

[3] A.M. Engel, F. Klevenhusen, J.-L. Moenning, J. Numata, C. Fischer-Tenhagen, B. Sachse, B. Schäfer, H. Fry, O. Kappenstein, and R. Pieper. Investigations on the Transfer of Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Lupinus angustifolius into the Milk of Dairy Cows. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2022, 70 (37), 11749.